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Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
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Volume 29, Issue 10; October 1, 2009
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Key:  VB = Vascular Biology  AL = Atherosclerosis/Lipoproteins  TH = Thrombosis
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EditorialsBack

TH gif  Genetic Susceptibility to Restenosis: Role of Bone Marrow Cells and Inflammatory Response

Masafumi Takahashi
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1407-1408, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.194928
Extract | Full Text | PDF Free Article  

TH gif   Factor XI Binding to Platelets: Glycoprotein Ib{alpha} Has an Accomplice

Ton Lisman
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1409-1410, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.195412
Extract | Full Text | PDF Free Article  

 

Brief ReviewsBack

TH gif  Editorial

Ziad Mallat
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1411, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.196048
Extract | Full Text | PDF  

TH gif  Regulation of the Migration and Survival of Monocyte Subsets by Chemokine Receptors and Its Relevance to Atherosclerosis

Emmanuel L. Gautier, Claudia Jakubzick, and Gwendalyn J. Randolph
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1412-1418, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.180505
Abstract | Full Text | PDF  

TH gif  Macrophage Diversity and Polarization in Atherosclerosis: A Question of Balance

Alberto Mantovani, Cecilia Garlanda, and Massimo Locati
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1419-1423; published online before print August 20 2009, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.180497
Abstract | Full Text | PDF  

AL gif  Heterogeneous In Vivo Behavior of Monocyte Subsets in Atherosclerosis

Filip K. Swirski, Ralph Weissleder, and Mikael J. Pittet
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1424-1432; published online before print April 16 2009, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.180521
Abstract | Full Text | PDF  

TH gif  Monocytes in Acute Coronary Syndromes

Eduard Shantsila and Gregory Y.H. Lip
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1433-1438; published online before print February 19 2009, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.180513
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Data Supplement  

TH gif  Sphingosine 1-Phosphate: A Regulator of Arterial Lesions

G. Daum, A. Grabski, and M.A. Reidy
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1439-1443; published online before print July 10 2009, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.175240
Abstract | Full Text | PDF  

 

Integrative Physiology/Experimental MedicineBack

AL gif  Hybrid In Vivo FMT-CT Imaging of Protease Activity in Atherosclerosis With Customized Nanosensors

Matthias Nahrendorf, Peter Waterman, Greg Thurber, Kevin Groves, Milind Rajopadhye, Peter Panizzi, Brett Marinelli, Elena Aikawa, Mikael J. Pittet, Filip K. Swirski, and Ralph Weissleder
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1444-1451; published online before print July 16 2009, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.193086
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Data Supplement
To address constraints currently associated with imaging of murine atherosclerosis (lack of highly sensitive probes and absence of anatomic information), we investigated variable protease sensors and coregistered FMT data with computed tomography. This work describes the evolution of FMT-CT into a robust and observer-independent tool for imaging of murine atherosclerosis.  

TH gif  Analysis of In Situ and Ex Vivo Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Expression During Experimental Aortic Aneurysm Progression

Maureen M. Tedesco, Masahiro Terashima, Francis G. Blankenberg, Zoia Levashova, Joshua M. Spin, Marina V. Backer, Joseph M. Backer, Mien Sho, Eiketsu Sho, Michael V. McConnell, and Ronald L. Dalman
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1452-1457; published online before print July 2 2009, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.187757
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Data Supplement
VEGFR expression was examined as a function of experimental AAA progression. VEGFR fluorescent signal intensity increased in a diameter-dependent fashion in aneurysmal aortae. VEGFR-2 expression localized to medial smooth muscle cells. Angiogenesis inhibition limited AAA progression. Clinical VEGFR expression imaging may prove useful in evaluating therapies for AAA disease.  

TH gif  Obesity Promotes Inflammation in Periaortic Adipose Tissue and Angiotensin II-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation

Sara B. Police, Sean E. Thatcher, Richard Charnigo, Alan Daugherty, and Lisa A. Cassis
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1458-1464; published online before print July 16 2009, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.192658
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Data Supplement
Obesity increased macrophage accumulation and cytokine expression in periaortic adipose tissue surrounding abdominal aortas. Periaortic adipose explants from abdominal aortas of obese mice released MCP-1 and promoted macrophage migration more than lean mice. Obesity promoted AAA formation. Obesity increases macrophage infiltration to periaortic adipose tissue and promotes AngII-induced AAAs.  

TH gif  Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} Does Not Mediate Diabetes-Induced Vascular Inflammation in Mice

Jenny Nilsson-Öhman, Gunilla Nordin Fredrikson, Lisa M. Nilsson-Berglund, Carin Gustavsson, Eva Bengtsson, Maj-Lis Smith, Carl-David Agardh, Elisabet Agardh, Stefan Jovinge, Maria F. Gomez, and Jan Nilsson
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1465-1470; published online before print September 15 2009, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.193862
Abstract | Full Text | PDF
Using C57BL/6 wild-type and apoE-/- mice deficient for TNF{alpha} we demonstrate that TNF{alpha} does not mediate vascular inflammation in response to streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia. We also report evidence for a dysregulation of vascular inflammation in TNF{alpha}-/- mice revealing an unexpected protective role for this cytokine.  

AL gif  Estrogen Decreases Atherosclerosis in Part by Reducing Hepatic Acyl-CoA:Cholesterol Acyltransferase 2 (ACAT2) in Monkeys

Kylie Kavanagh, Matthew A. Davis, Li Zhang, Martha D. Wilson, Thomas C. Register, Michael R. Adams, Lawrence L. Rudel, and Janice D. Wagner
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1471-1477, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.191825
Abstract | Full Text | PDF
Estrogen inhibits atherogenesis. We demonstrate in ovariectorized monkeys that estrogen therapy led to lower hepatic and circulating lipoprotein cholesterol, and lower ACAT2 protein and associated activity levels as compared to controls. Hepatic ACAT2 activity was highly correlated with, and was an independent predictor of, coronary artery atherosclerosis extent.  

AL gif  Osteoprotegerin Promotes Fibrous Cap Formation in Atherosclerotic Lesions of ApoE-Deficient Mice—Brief Report

Olga Ovchinnikova, Åsa Gylfe, Leslie Bailey, Anna Nordström, Mats Rudling, Christian Jung, Sven Bergström, Anders Waldenström, Göran K Hansson, and Peter Nordström
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1478-1480; published online before print July 10 2009, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.188185
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Data Supplement
The effect of osteoprotegerin treatment on atherosclerosis was investigated in apoe-/- mice. Whereas total lesion size and markers of inflammation were unchanged, osteoprotegerin increased smooth muscle cells and collagen within the lesions where subendothelial fibrous caps were developed. Therefore, osteoprotegerin may help stabilize lesions.  

AL gif  Dietary Cholesterol Plays a Role in CD36-Mediated Atherogenesis in LDLR-Knockout Mice

David J. Kennedy, Sai D. Kuchibhotla, Ella Guy, Young Mi Park, George Nimako, DiFernando Vanegas, Richard E. Morton, and Maria Febbraio
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1481-1487; published online before print July 16 2009, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.191940
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Data Supplement
In the LDLR knockout mouse model of atherogenesis, dietary cholesterol played a role in CD36-dependent lesion burden. Addition of cholesterol resulted in increased inflammation and release of reactive oxygen species by macrophages, which was abrogated in the absence of CD36. A proinflammatory milieu may be essential to creation of CD36-specific proatherogenic ligands.  

AL gif  Rexinoid Bexarotene Modulates Triglyceride but not Cholesterol Metabolism via Gene-Specific Permissivity of the RXR/LXR Heterodimer in the Liver

Fanny Lalloyer, Thomas Åskov Pedersen, Barbara Gross, Sophie Lestavel, Saïd Yous, Emmanuelle Vallez, Jan-Åke Gustafsson, Susanne Mandrup, Catherine Fiévet, Bart Staels, and Anne Tailleux
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1488-1495; published online before print July 10 2009, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.189506
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Data Supplement  

AL gif  Macrophage Reverse Cholesterol Transport in Mice Expressing ApoA-I Milano

Eric T. Alexander, Ginny L. Weibel, Michelle R. Joshi, Charulatha Vedhachalam, Margarita de la Llera-Moya, George H. Rothblat, Michael C. Phillips, and Daniel J. Rader
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1496-1501; published online before print August 6 2009, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.191379
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Data Supplement
The abilities of WT apoA-I and apoA-IMilano to promote macrophage RCT in vivo in a murine model were compared. It was determined that both forms of apoA-I were equally efficient at promoting macrophage RCT.  

AL gif  Fish Oil Promotes Macrophage Reverse Cholesterol Transport in Mice

Tomoyuki Nishimoto, Michael A. Pellizzon, Masakazu Aihara, Ioannis M. Stylianou, Jeffery T. Billheimer, George Rothblat, and Daniel J. Rader
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1502-1508; published online before print July 2 2009, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.187252
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Data Supplement
Fish oil (omega 3 fatty acids) has favorable effects on cardiovascular outcomes. We investigated the effects of fish oil on macrophage reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) in an in vivo mouse model. FO promoted macrophage RCT, primarily by enhancement of the hepatic excretion of macrophage- and HDL-derived cholesterol.  

TH gif  Junctional Adhesion Molecule-C Mediates Leukocyte Infiltration in Response to Ischemia Reperfusion Injury

Christoph Scheiermann, Bartomeu Colom, Paolo Meda, Nimesh S.A. Patel, Mathieu-Benoit Voisin, Alessandra Marrelli, Abigail Woodfin, Costantino Pitzalis, Christoph Thiemermann, Michel Aurrand-Lions, Beat A. Imhof, and Sussan Nourshargh
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1509-1515; published online before print July 2 2009, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.187559
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Data Supplement
Using a number of tools (eg, junctional adhesion molecule-C [JAM-C]-/- mice), a role for JAM-C in leukocyte migration in response to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is shown. I/R injury also induced a redistribution of JAM-C in endothelial cells, which may provide a novel means of regulating the expression/function of JAM-C in vivo.  

TH gif  Impaired Recovery of Blood Flow After Hind-Limb Ischemia in Mice Lacking Guanylyl Cyclase-A, a Receptor for Atrial and Brain Natriuretic Peptides

Takeshi Tokudome, Ichiro Kishimoto, Kenichi Yamahara, Tsukasa Osaki, Naoto Minamino, Takeshi Horio, Kazutomo Sawai, Yuhei Kawano, Mikiya Miyazato, Masataka Sata, Masakazu Kohno, Kazuwa Nakao, and Kenji Kangawa
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1516-1521; published online before print July 23 2009, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.187526
Abstract | Full Text | PDF
We examined the involvement of endogenous ANP and BNP in vascular remodeling after hind-limb ischemia using mice deficient for the guanylyl cyclase-A receptor (GC-A-KO). Blood flow recovery was significantly inhibited in GC-A-KO mice compared with wild-type mice, suggesting endogenous ANP and BNP play important roles in vascular remodeling.  

TH gif  Nox2-Containing NADPH Oxidase Deficiency Confers Protection From Hindlimb Ischemia in Conditions of Increased Oxidative Stress

Paola Haddad, Sylvie Dussault, Jessika Groleau, Julie Turgeon, Sophie-Elise Michaud, Catherine Ménard, Gemma Perez, Fritz Maingrette, and Alain Rivard
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1522-1528; published online before print July 2 2009, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.191437
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Data Supplement
In a clinical situation of increased oxidative stress (exposure to cigarette smoke), Nox2-containing NADPH oxidase deficiency is associated with improved neovascularization after hindlimb ischemia. The mechanisms involved include reduced ROS formation, preserved activation of the VEGF/NO angiogenic pathway, and improved functional activities of endothelial progenitor cells.  

TH gif  Bone Marrow Angiotensin AT1 Receptor Regulates Differentiation of Monocyte Lineage Progenitors From Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Yoshinori Tsubakimoto, Hiroyuki Yamada, Hirokazu Yokoi, Sou Kishida, Hiroki Takata, Hiroyuki Kawahito, Akihiro Matsui, Norifumi Urao, Yoshihisa Nozawa, Hideyo Hirai, Jiro Imanishi, Eishi Ashihara, Taira Maekawa, Tomosaburo Takahashi, Mitsuhiko Okigaki, and Hiroaki Matsubara
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1529-1536; published online before print July 23 2009, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.187732
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Data Supplement
Ang II affects the expression profile of the M-CSF receptor c-Fms through BM stromal cell-derived TNF-{alpha} and thereby regulates M-CSF-mediated differentiation/proliferation of BM monocyte-lineage cells followed by the mobilization of monocytes, which contribute to the AT1-mediated proatherogenic actions.  

TH gif  Heme Oxygenase-1 Increases Endothelial Progenitor Cells

Ben J. Wu, Robyn G. Midwinter, Carlos Cassano, Konstanze Beck, Yutang Wang, Dechaboon Changsiri, Jennifer R. Gamble, and Roland Stocker
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1537-1542; published online before print June 18 2009, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.184713
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Data Supplement
This study examined the effect of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) on circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in the context of reendothelialization after vascular injury. HO-1 increased the numbers of circulating and bone marrow EPCs and their ability to mature and form colonies. These novel activities likely contribute to the ability of HO-1 to promote reendothelialization.  

TH gif  Estrogen Receptor {alpha} Expression in Both Endothelium and Hematopoietic Cells Is Required for the Accelerative Effect of Estradiol on Reendothelialization

Céline E. Toutain, Cédric Filipe, Audrey Billon, Coralie Fontaine, Laurent Brouchet, Jean-Charles Guéry, Pierre Gourdy, Jean-François Arnal, and Françoise Lenfant
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1543-1550; published online before print July 16 2009, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.192849
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Data Supplement
Perivascular carotid injury model associated with "en face" confocal microscopy allowed to demonstrate that endothelial ER{alpha} is a key target in reendothelialization. Moreover, resident endothelial cells need to cooperate with bone marrow cells for the accelerative effect of estradiol on endothelial repair.  

TH gif  Role of Bone Marrow–Derived Cells in the Genetic Control of Restenosis

Nicolas Langwieser, Johannes B.K. Schwarz, Christoph Reichenbächer, Bastian Stemmer, Steffen Massberg, Nicole N. Langwieser, and Dietlind Zohlnhöfer
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1551-1557; published online before print July 30 2009, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.188326
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Data Supplement
Human restenosis shows a bimodal pattern. Similar, 129X1/SvJ mice developed more neointima formation compared to C57BL/6 mice with differences in inflammatory and hematopoietic stem cell-associated genes and stronger mobilization of lin-sca-1+CXCR4+ cells. Bone marrow transplantation revealed stronger neointima formation, inflammatory response, and recruitment of BMCs in mice with 129X1/SvJ BMCs.  

TH gif  Protective Role of Clusterin/Apolipoprotein J Against Neointimal Hyperplasia via Antiproliferative Effect on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Cytoprotective Effect on Endothelial Cells

Han-Jong Kim, Eun-Kyung Yoo, Joon-Young Kim, Young-Keun Choi, Hyo-Jeong Lee, Jeong-Kook Kim, Nam Ho Jeoung, Ki-Up Lee, In-Sun Park, Bon-Hong Min, Keun-Gyu Park, Chul-Ho Lee, Bruce J. Aronow, Masataka Sata, and In-Kyu Lee
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1558-1564; published online before print August 20 2009, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.190058
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Data Supplement
Although clusterin is induced in VSMCs during atherosclerosis and postinjury restenosis, its exact function in the development of neointimal hyperplasia remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that clusterin plays a protective role against neointimal hyperplasia through its antiproliferative and antimigratory action on VSMCs and through cytoprotective effect on endothelial cells.  

TH gif   Recombinant Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Inhibits Intimal Hyperplasia

Jianbo Wu, Lin Peng, Grainne A. McMahon, Daniel A. Lawrence, and William P. Fay
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1565-1570; published online before print July 2 2009, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.189514
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Data Supplement
Recombinant plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), including mutant forms incapable of inhibiting fibrinolysis, inhibited intimal hyperplasia after mechanical injury in rodents. The effect of PAI-1 overexpression on arterial remodeling was critically dependent on VN expression, both in vivo and in vitro.  

TH gif   Ketogenic Diet Disrupts the Circadian Clock and Increases Hypofibrinolytic Risk by Inducing Expression of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1

Katsutaka Oishi, Daisuke Uchida, Naoki Ohkura, Ryosuke Doi, Norio Ishida, Koji Kadota, and Shuichi Horie
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1571-1577; published online before print July 23 2009, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.190140
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Data Supplement
We discovered that the circadian clock that regulates behavioral activity rhythms was phase-advanced, and its free-running period was significantly shortened in mice fed with a ketogenic diet (kDa). Here, we demonstrated that a kDa increases hypofibrinolytic risk by inducing the abnormal circadian expression of PAI-1.  

 

Cell Biology/SignalingBack

TH gif   Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Agonists Inhibit Expression and Procoagulant Activity of Tissue Factor

Mikhail A. Sovershaev, Elena M. Egorina, John-Bjarne Hansen, Bjarne Østerud, Pál Pacher, Johannes-Peter Stasch, and Oleg V. Evgenov
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1578-1586; published online before print July 10 2009, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.192690
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Data Supplement
Agonists of soluble guanylate cyclase, BAY 41-2272 and BAY 58-2667, inhibit expression and procoagulant activity of tissue factor in human monocytes, stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, and vascular endothelial cells, stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-{alpha}. These novel pharmacophores might provide therapeutic benefits in cardiovascular diseases associated with enhanced procoagulant and inflammatory response.  

TH gif   Proteasome Inhibitors Enhance Endothelial Thrombomodulin Expression via Induction of Krüppel-Like Transcription Factors

Toyoko Hiroi, Clayton B. Deming, Haige Zhao, Baranda S. Hansen, Elisabeth K. Arkenbout, Thomas J. Myers, Michael A. McDevitt, and Jeffrey J. Rade
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1587-1593; published online before print August 6 2009, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.191957
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Data Supplement
Proteasome inhibitors induced thrombomodulin expression in endothelial cells consequent to upregulation of the KLF2 and KLF4 transcription factors. Systemic administration of a proteasome inhibitor enhanced thrombomodulin expression that was paralleled by changes in expression of KLF2 and KLF4.  

TH gif  Thrombin Induces EGF Receptor Expression and Cell Proliferation via a PKC({delta})/c-Src-Dependent Pathway in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Hsi-Lung Hsieh, Wei-Hsuan Tung, Cheng-Ying Wu, Hui-Hsin Wang, Chih-Chung Lin, Tze-Shyuan Wang, and Chuen-Mao Yang
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1594-1601; published online before print July 23 2009, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.185801
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Data Supplement
In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying thrombin-regulated EGF receptor (EGFR) expression and its effect on VSMCs. Our results demonstrated that thrombin-enhanced VSMC proliferation is mediated through upregulation of EGFR via a PKC({delta})/c-Src-dependent transactivation of EGFR, PI3K-Akt, and -ERK, and AP-1/NF-{kappa}B pathway.  

TH gif   Identification of Coagulation Factor XI as a Ligand for Platelet Apolipoprotein E Receptor 2 (ApoER2)

Tara C. White-Adams, Michelle A. Berny, Erik I. Tucker, Jacqueline M. Gertz, David Gailani, Rolf T. Urbanus, Philip G. de Groot, András Gruber, and Owen J.T. McCarty
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1602-1607; published online before print August 6 2009, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.187393
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Data Supplement
FXI enhances thrombin generation and plays a role in the formation of occlusive thrombi in arterial injury models. FXI has been shown to bind to high affinity sites on the platelet surface, such as the receptor GPIb. This study identifies FXI as a ligand for ApoER2.  

AL gif  Interplay Between Human Adipocytes and T Lymphocytes in Obesity: CCL20 as an Adipochemokine and T Lymphocytes as Lipogenic Modulators

Carine Duffaut, Alexia Zakaroff-Girard, Virginie Bourlier, Pauline Decaunes, Marie Maumus, Patrick Chiotasso, Coralie Sengenès, Max Lafontan, Jean Galitzky, and Anne Bouloumié
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1608-1614; published online before print July 30 2009, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.192583
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Data Supplement
Obesity in humans is associated with an accumulation of helper and cytotoxic T lymphocytes in adipose tissue. Crosstalk occurs between human mature adipocytes and lymphocytes within human AT involving T cell chemoattraction by adipocytes via the couple CCL20/CCR6 and modulation of the insulin-stimulated lipogenesis by ATLs through interferon gamma.  

AL gif  Aggregated LDL in Contact With Macrophages Induces Local Increases in Free Cholesterol Levels That Regulate Local Actin Polymerization

Inna Grosheva, Abigail S. Haka, Chunbo Qin, Lynda M. Pierini, and Frederick R. Maxfield
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1615-1621; published online before print June 25 2009, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.191882
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Data Supplement  

TH gif  Scavenger Receptors of Endothelial Cells Mediate the Uptake and Cellular Proatherogenic Effects of Carbamylated LDL

Eugene O. Apostolov, Sudhir V. Shah, Debarti Ray, and Alexei G. Basnakian
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1622-1630; published online before print August 20 2009, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.189795
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Data Supplement  

TH gif  Fibrillar Collagen Inhibits Cholesterol Biosynthesis in Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells

Nicola Ferri, Elisa Roncalli, Lorenzo Arnaboldi, Simone Fenu, Olena Andrukhova, Seyedhossein Aharinejad, Marina Camera, Elena Tremoli, and Alberto Corsini
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1631-1637; published online before print July 16 2009, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.187807
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Data Supplement
The evaluation of cholesterol biosynthesis in human aortic smooth muscle cells cultured on fibrillar collagen led to the discovery that fibrillar collagen strongly affects the transcription of HMG-CoA reductase by SREBP1a, an effect mediated by {alpha}2β1 integrin receptor. This inhibition reduced cholesterol synthesis and Ras prenylation.  

TH gif  Identification and Functional Analyses of Molecular Haplotypes of the Human Osteoprotegerin Gene Promoter

Claudia Hagedorn, Ralph Telgmann, Corinna Dördelmann, Boris Schmitz, Sandra Hasenkamp, François Cambien, Martin Paul, Eva Brand, and Stefan-Martin Brand-Herrmann
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1638-1643; published online before print August 6 2009, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.193532
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Data Supplement
Using osteosarcoma cell lines, we (1) assessed transcriptionally active portions of the osteoprotegerin gene promoter, (2) assessed differential DNA-protein interactions involving Sp1, NF-1, and Egr1 depending on molecular haplotypes, promoter truncation, and interaction with proximal gene sites, and (3) evidenced differential transcription start site usage.  

TH gif  Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor-2 Regulates Expression of Smooth Muscle Alpha-Actin After Arterial Injury

Allison D. Grabski, Takuya Shimizu, Jessie Deou, William M. Mahoney, Jr, Michael A. Reidy, and Guenter Daum
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1644-1650; published online before print July 16 2009, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.191965
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Data Supplement
At day 7 after injury, S1P2R-null carotid arteries express less SMA compared to wild-type carotid arteries, which may contribute to the extensive neointimal growth observed in S1P2R-null mice. In vitro, S1P-induced SMA expression requires S1P2R-dependent activation of Rho and mobilization of calcium from intracellular stores.  

TH gif  Knockout of p47phox Uncovers a Critical Role of p40phox in Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Lampson M. Fan, Lei Teng, and Jian-Mei Li
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1651-1656; published online before print July 16 2009, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.191502
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Data Supplement
p40phox is prephosphorylated in microvascular endothelial cells and is critical in keeping the basal reactive oxygen species (ROS) production at a low level with or without p47phox. Agonist stimulation induces p40phox dephosphorylation and rephosphorylation, which interacts with p47phox and is involved in agonist-induced ROS production.  

TH gif  PYK2/PDZ-RhoGEF Links Ca2+ Signaling to RhoA

Zhekang Ying, Fernanda R.C. Giachini, Rita C. Tostes, and R. Clinton Webb
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1657-1663, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.190892
Abstract | Full Text | PDF
The mechanism by which vasoconstrictors activate RhoA remains elusive. In the present study, we show that in response to angiotensin II, PYK2 is activated and subsequently phosphorylates PDZ-RhoGEF. The PYK2/PDZ-RhoGEF pathway is sufficient to couple Ca2+ signaling to RhoA, thus offering a mechanism involved in constrictor responses.  

TH gif  Chronic Hypoxia Activates the Akt and β-Catenin Pathways in Human Macrophages

Jun-o Deguchi, Hiroyuki Yamazaki, Elena Aikawa, and Masanori Aikawa
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1664-1670; published online before print July 30 2009, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.194043
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Data Supplement
Macrophages exist chronically under moderate hypoxia in atheromata. Chronic moderate hypoxia (2% O2 tension), but not normoxia (21% O2), activated Akt and promoted expression of the β-catenin-associated genes: MMP-7, CD44, and c-Myc. The data provide new insight into the mechanism of macrophage activation and chronic inflammation.  

 

Clinical and Population StudiesBack

AL gif  Functional Analysis of the Chromosome 9p21.3 Coronary Artery Disease Risk Locus

Olga Jarinova, Alexandre F.R. Stewart, Robert Roberts, George Wells, Paulina Lau, Thet Naing, Christine Buerki, Bradley W. McLean, Richard C. Cook, Joel S. Parker, and Ruth McPherson
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1671-1677; published online before print July 10 2009, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.189522
Abstract | Full Text | PDF | Data Supplement  

TH gif  ENPP1 Q121 Variant, Increased Pulse Pressure and Reduced Insulin Signaling, and Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity in Endothelial Cells

Simonetta Bacci, Rosa Di Paola, Claudia Menzaghi, Patrizia Di Fulvio, Sara Di Silvestre, Fabio Pellegrini, Roberto Baratta, Antonella Marucci, Sandra Mastroianno, Grazia Fini, Gloria Formoso, Agostino Consoli, Francesco Perticone, Lucia Frittitta, Assunta Pandolfi, and Vincenzo Trischitta
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1678-1683; published online before print August 13 2009, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.189191
Abstract | Full Text | PDF
The ENPP1 K121Q polymorphism has been associated with insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Here the Q121 variant is associated with increased PP (P=1.2x10-3 in 1985 individuals) and reduced insulin signaling (P<0.05) and NO production (P<0.01) in human endothelial cells, thus suggesting it has a role on vascular biology and cardiovascular risk.  

AL gif  Differential Associations Between Soluble Cellular Adhesion Molecules and Atherosclerosis in the Dallas Heart Study: A Distinct Role for Soluble Endothelial Cell-Selective Adhesion Molecule

Anand Rohatgi, Andrew W. Owens, Amit Khera, Colby R. Ayers, Kamakki Banks, Sandeep R. Das, Jarett D. Berry, Darren K. McGuire, and James A. de Lemos
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1684-1690, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.190553
Abstract | Full Text | PDF
We hypothesized that soluble endothelial-cell selective adhesion molecule (sESAM) is associated with atherosclerosis and vascular stiffness in the Dallas Heart Study, a cross-sectional population-based sample. In multivariate analyses, sESAM was independently associated with prevalent coronary calcium, abdominal aortic wall thickness, and aortic compliance. In contrast, no independent associations were observed between sICAM-1 or sVCAM-1 and any of the atherosclerosis phenotypes.  

AL gif  Carotid Intima-Media Thickness, Systemic Inflammation, and Incidence of Heart Failure Hospitalizations

Gunnar Engström, Olle Melander, and Bo Hedblad
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1691-1695; published online before print July 30 2009, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.193490
Abstract | Full Text | PDF
Incidence of heart failure was studied in 4691 men and women without history of myocardial infarction or stroke. High carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and high C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were independent risk factors for future heart failure requiring hospitalization. The joint exposure to both risk factors substantially increased the risk.  

AL gif  Hemorrhage and Large Lipid-Rich Necrotic Cores Are Independently Associated With Thin or Ruptured Fibrous Caps: An In vivo 3T MRI Study

Hideki Ota, Wei Yu, Hunter R. Underhill, Minako Oikawa, Li Dong, Xihai Zhao, Nayak L. Polissar, Blazej Neradilek, Tianli Gao, Zhuo Zhang, Zixu Yan, Miao Guo, Zhaoqi Zhang, Thomas S. Hatsukami, and Chun Yuan
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1696-1701; published online before print July 16 2009, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.192179
Abstract | Full Text | PDF
We investigated associations of lipid-rich/necrotic core size and hemorrhage with fibrous cap status for carotid arteries with mild to severe stenosis by in vivo 3T MRI. For slice-based and artery-based multivariate analyses, larger %lipid-rich/necrotic core and presence of hemorrhage were independently associated with thin or ruptured fibrous caps.  

AL gif  Atherosclerosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis Versus Diabetes: A Comparative Study

Kimon S. Stamatelopoulos, George D. Kitas, Christos M. Papamichael, Elda Chryssohoou, Katerina Kyrkou, George Georgiopoulos, Athanassios Protogerou, Vasileios F. Panoulas, Aamer Sandoo, Nikolaos Tentolouris, Myron Mavrikakis, and Petros P. Sfikakis
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29:1702-1708; published online before print July 16 2009, doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.190108
Abstract | Full Text | PDF
In this cross-sectional case-control study, preclinical atherosclerosis appears to be of comparable frequency and severity in rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes, a known coronary heart disease equivalent, with differential impact of traditional risk factors and systemic inflammation. These results may have clinical implications on cardiovascular disease prevention strategies in rheumatoid arthritis.  

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